0000001297 00000 n According to the EFSA guidance (EFSA, 2017, p. 43), leaching should be taken into account for the EFSA 2017 scenarios, using the evaluation depth (here mixing depth) as the depth of the layer from which leaching takes place. Calculation using Formula 1. This eBook covers: Record keeping best practices and exemptions Recordable injuries and illnesses vs. reportable injuries and illnesses When and how to report events OSHA Form 300, OSHA Form 300 A, and [], The Complex World of Flame-Resistant Apparel Flame-resistant (FR) apparel is crucial for workers in a variety of industries. COSHH Regulations apply to substances that can harm . So 100 ppm X 5 hours / 8 hours = 62.5 ppm So no adjustment necessary. OSHA has developed 470 PELs (permissible exposure limits) for various forms of approximately 300 chemical substances. It is averaged to an 8-hour workday or 40-hour week, along with the average levels of exposure to the hazardous substance and the time spent in that area. What if the exposure isn't always the same level? EH40/2005 Workplace exposure limits Some businesses use more hazardous substances than others, but almost every workplace has exposure to a hazardous substance in some form or another. Correct is better, my ego will heal someday.OSHA Extended Work Shift Interpretationhttps://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/standardinterpretations/1997-01-23www.timesdarkcaptains.comwww.gebco.orgIf you would like to support:https://paypal.me/TimesDarkCaptains?locale.x=en_USBTC Receive 19KgBgdEkPdwGkGZ7YMKRaLss7KBC74JTCLTC Receive Li3yQHKqKHD8mdTuuzEXyYe3XQnk9YEMfkETH Receive 0x27608BcC5C7a8cE2bAbB78882a64652206A3B99dDash Receive XyWJtXN9LwcoMVDBot1722LAsg3epGM9jsXRP Receive rah7XddCGB1uJ3nRSwc1sGGXeRtiTYxfDqBTC Cash qq2yqcqurnetne9r6vwn7x58vwt5lhh45y2fkcw8hv Orinasal masks are rated at 20. In order to calculate if the level is being exceeded or when action needs to be taken, you need to work out the time-weighted average of the employees exposed and compare this to the exposure limit set by the HSE. So heres my attempt to simplify the whole topic. ACGIH The settings in the Dose View that allow the Optimus to calculate the Lavg, TWA, Dose and Est. Your email address will not be published. Improving the depth and quality of personal monitoring will, I hope, help the HSE reduce exposure in our industry, and improve working conditions for us all. Monitored 5 hours and the lab report says 100 ppm. Time-weighted average values are calculated as the sum of exposure during a workday to a particular hazardous substance in ppm-hours and dividing it by an 8-hour period: TWA= (t1c1+t2c2++tncn) / number of hours in the workday. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. What you might not realise is that this is inside the RPE that you have provided. Pre & Post should be within 5%! A sampling rate of 1 to 4 L/min for 8 h is appropriate in atmospheres containing about 0.1 fiber/cc in the absence of significant amounts of non-asbestos dust. In this case, the total weight is 13 + 23 + 4 = 40 hours. Analysis is performed via NIOSH 7400 and results for one or more samples (per individual) are combined into an 8 hour Time Weighted Average (TWA) result. Im going to take you through the steps to do the calculation by hand. Sum the values that you obtained in Step 1. Time-Weighted Average. When workplace safety regulators set permissible exposure limits (PELs), the limit may be based on the average exposure that occurs during an 8-hour work day or a 40-hour work week. The value of Em shall not exceed unity (1). As technology and fabrics have evolved, so has the ability to offer work apparel that can provide greater protection from work hazards than ever before. PUBLICATON + AGENCY + EXISTING GLOBAL AUDIENCE + SAFETY, Copyright 2023 Here is a review of the formulas used to calculate PELs. The pictogram on the label is determined by the chemical hazard classification. For example, where an employee works an 8-hour shift and is exposed to a substance for 3 hours at 0.15mg.m-3 and for 2 hours as 0.20mg.m-3 the time-weighted average can be calculated by: Not everyone works 8-hour shifts. Depending on the regulatory body your organization follows, your TWA value may be calculated one of two ways: OSHA: TWA is calculated based on an 8-hour moving window. A 500 1,000 The value of E must not exceed the 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA) specified in the Z tables for the material involved. Find out more in workplace exposure limits explained, and get help with COSHH with our COSHH assessment templates. Be able to calculate TWA results from mu ltiple measurements : 2.3 Personal sampling . The following formula must be used to determine the equivalent 8-hour TWA exposure limit for a mixture of air contaminants: Em is the equivalent exposure for the mixture. The term 8-hour reference period relates to the procedure whereby the occupational exposures in any 24-hour period are treated as equivalent to a single uniform exposure for 8 hours (the 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA) exposure). If OSHA's PEL for the contaminant was 100 ppm, under OSHA there would have been an overexposure. Often, when a personal monitoring test is booked, an analyst concludes that they cant do the four-hour test because the operative isnt in the enclosure that long. I have attached the result obtained. Click here to download it from the HSE website. As an employer, you must protect workers from exposure to hazardous substances, including dust, fumes, chemicals, vapours, mists, nanotechnology, gases, biological agents and germs that cause disease. Alternatively it can be done by hand every time. I have long advocated that the standard test should be one-hour long with a flow rate of two litres per minute. When Great Britain was part of the EU, HSE was involved in the EU regime for setting WELs. The National Safety Council (NSC) publishes an annual list of safety meeting topics. Time Weighted Average. Where t1 is a portion of a time period (such as 0.25 hours) and c1 represents the levels of the substance or agent during that time-period. 1 TWA. Because 81.25 ppm is less than the 100 ppm TLV limit, the exposure is acceptable. Fibers < ca. Operating Profit given as $116 million and Depreciation and Amortization is $570 million. This is where exposure limits come into play, putting a measurable limit on the amount of exposure that can occur, by law. If . TWA values can be customized in G7's configuration profile, where each individual gas has a customizable TWA period (between 4 and 16 hours). The formula to determine exposure would be as follows: (2 x 150 + 2 x 75 + 4 x 50) / 8 = 81.25 ppm Since 81.25 ppm is less than 100 ppm, the 8-hour TWA exposure is acceptable. In both cases, G7 provides TWA based on second-by-second gas readings, with the overall calculation updated every 15 minutes. Its purpose is to create and maintain a higher level of pressure in the room compared to the surrounding environment.Positive pressure rooms are used in clean rooms and other spaces where contamination must be Simple. Breaks during their shift may stop exposure altogether. 0000001999 00000 n TWA, Dose and LEP,d Calculator Help. One of the fundamental requirements of the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH) is the prevention or control of exposure to substances hazardous to health. B 45 200 These are calculated from a worker's daily exposure to noise - they are not based on simple snap-shots of . There are several ways to define the wind. By clicking sign up, you agree to receive emails from Safeopedia and agree to our Terms of Use & Privacy Policy. View Full Term. 4.3.1 Fibre identification - asbestos Be aware of the technique used for the measurement of asbestos fibre concentrations 4.4 Quality assurance of analysis : OHTA Hygiene Its my understanding that the HSE views the two most important tests from this list to be the four-hour control limit, and the SSDA. The mission of EHS On Tap is to provide clear, relevant, actionable information on topics that matter to EHS professionals in podcast form through engaging and insightful interviews with experts and thought leaders. The term may also be hyphenated (time-weighted average exposure value). In addition, if you monitored for 12 hours and want to know the 8 hour time waited average, there is anotherchoice. Threshold value is 2.79 = r. My challenge is this: which of these coefficients coded _d or _b . The last three hours there was zero exposure. Threshold limit value (TLV) - time-weighted average (TWA) represents the time-weighted average concentration of a toxic substance over a normal 8-h workday and 40-h workweek, to which nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed, every day, without adverse health effects. And if it makes you feel any better, be aware that not everyone at the HSE understands it fully either. Shift 1 1.5 4.2 Total fibers/cc Asbestos fibers/cc Ratio of STEL-TWA to long-term TWA: Suite 2525 These negative values will not be applied to the TWA or STEL calculations. COSHH assessments are required by the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations and are needed before exposure to any hazardous substance. PM 10 is particulate matter 10 micrometers or less in diameter, PM 2.5 is particulate matter 2.5 micrometers or less in diameter. COSHH stands for The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations. TLVs issued by the ACGIH are the most widely accepted occupational exposure limits both in the United States and most other countries. trailer <<7ED3DF0A8EB244789EF90D8AD02C249A>]>> startxref 0 %%EOF 192 0 obj <>stream If the exposure limit has been exceeded, proper action must be taken to bring exposure within set limits for a particular hazardous substance. AIB removal a result of 0.53f/ml (for two hours), Low level exposure at 0.04f/ml (for one hour). OSHA set a Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for lead in workplace air of 50 g/m 3 (8-hour time weighted average). Time-weighted average calculations are used in situations where the time of exposure to a hazardous substance or the concentration of that substance varies. If you are struggling to wrap your head around personal monitoring, be reassured that it is a complex subject that often feels academic, with no practical benefit. This true wind is the speed and the direction of the wind relative to the fixed earth under the ocean. (CnLn) In this situation, working sessions may be broken down to different exposure levels in your calculation. http://topsy.com/safetydailyadvisor.blr.com/archive/2010/10/20/chemical_safety_pel_calculations.aspx?utm_source=pingback&utm_campaign=L2, 11 Rules for Safe Handling of Hazardous Materials, Looking for Safety Meeting Topics? Now the answer to that is tricky and it depends on what you know about the facility. The caluclation can also consider particular variables, dose rates, and duration. injection into the skin. But if you want to assume all the exposure happened during8 hours, then the equation is the same. Firstly it is better to think of the four-hour TWA as a calculation, not a test. When sampling for a full period, use the formulas below 6: X (capital X) = full period sample value STD = TWA-TLV or 8-hour OEL x (lowercase x) = transformed sample value Example: During an 8-hour work shift, an employee may be exposed to a concentration of Substance A (with a 10 ppm TWA, 25 ppm ceiling and 50 ppm peak) above 25 ppm (but never above 50 ppm) only for a maximum period of 10 minutes. CDM guides, tools and packs for your projects. Its very hard to achieve meaningful results in these tests. 0000001962 00000 n Thus, a worker may be exposed to a level higher than the TWA for part of the day (but still lower than the ceiling value) as long as he or she is exposed to levels below the TWA for the rest of the day. OSHA's PEL for noise exposure is 90 decibels (dBA) for an 8-hour TWA. I scripted this and did the math earlier for this problem on paper prior to the video of the statistics portion, and I have no idea what I did. The rules are that the test underpinning the calculation must look like this: That brings us to the second and most important point: you dont need to do a single four hour air test to calculate a valid four-hour TWA. Where substances have been classified as carcinogens, mutagens or asthmagens, to comply with the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH), exposure must be controlled to as low as is reasonably practicable (ALARP). The information contained in this article is intended for general information purposes only and is based on information available as of the initial date of publication. These are known as workplace exposure limits (WELs). In this case, 2 lpm x 120 minutes is 240 liters. The follow-up question is usually, how do I convert my result to an 8 hour TWA? A control program is necessary when handling, removing, or disturbing asbestos-containing materials (ACM), or when the presence of ACM is suspected or confirmed in the workplace. PM 2.5 is generally described as fine particles. Where there is evidence to support the introduction of a new/revised WEL, HSE will follow its own approach for GB workplaces: HSE has considered the evidence on all outstanding EU limits and will introduce a revised limit for 3 of them. The other thing to remember is that these are tests associated with the individual being exposed not the activity. Those of you whove read my articles before will know that trying to simplify personal monitoring for LARCs could be considered my thing. Thank you for subscribing to our newsletter! For 12-hour shifts, the Action Level would reduce to 82 dBA. The Excursion Limit remains at 1.0 fibers per cubic centimeter averaged over 30 minutes. UPDATE May 2021: The guide is now published. ADD = Cair x InhR x ET x EF x ED/BW x AT Where: ADD = Average daily dose (mg/kg-day) Cair = Concentration of contaminant in air (mg/m 3) InhR = Inhalation rate (m 3 /hour) ET = Exposure time (hours/day) Use this method in conjunction with electron microscopy (e.g., Method 7402) for assis-tance in identification of fibers. That limit is 0.1 fibres per millilitre of air (f/ml) over four hours. A concentration is like the speed of a car. An example is where a person is exposed to a hazardous substance with a WEL of 18mg.m- (8 hour TWA) for 4 hours, an adjusted exposure level of 36mg.m- would apply over the 4 hours. Practical EHS Tips, News & Advice. Record the activity . To calculate the equivalent sound level of this dose, we can calculate the TWA as follows: The above scenario is equivalent to the worker being exposed to 91.4 dBA over a full 8-hour workday. We do them because its the law, but more importantly because high-accuracy testing is the right thing to do. There are three different regulatory bodies that have different ways of calculating TWA: OSHA, ACGIH and EH40. The 8-hour TWA is a legal limit that should not be exceeded. Here are 11 basic rules all employees who handle hazardous materials should know and follow. ensure that the exposure standard for asbestos is not exceeded at the workplace. Weighted Average Formula, Time-Weighted Average Exposure Value (TWAEV). Determine the 8-hour TWA and identify the exposure limit in your answer. asbestosexposure is minimised so far as is reasonably practicable. Orinasal masks are rated at 20. I hope after reading this, the answer is clear. You may get a consultant to monitor substances in your workplace. Similarly, if an employee is working a 4-hour shift, they can be exposed to higher levels within those 4 hours, than they would be if they were working the full 8 hours. Testing Lab Analysis: Mold, Asbestos, Bacteria, Legionella, USP. The TWA reflects the maximum average exposure a worker can be subjected to without experiencing significant adverse health effects over the standardized eight-hour work period. However, what almost everyone is really asking is Is my result an 8 Hour TWA? My answer to that is, if you monitored for 8 hours, its an 8 hour TWA. Does this apply to me? Heres a Whole Year of Ideas, Health and Safety Performance Indicators: Safety Benchmark Data 2022, OSHA Record Keeping and Reporting Cheat Sheet, The Complex World of Flame-Resistant Apparel. If control measures are not feasible the next step is to determine what personal protective equipment is required to help keep employee exposure to the contaminants to the established limits. We will present in this video how calculate fiber density, fiber concentration and 8 hour TWAs for asbestos exposure samples. Readers with specific questions should refer to the applicable standards or consult with an attorney. Which meansthe result is the average concentration for the period of time that you performed the sampling. Experts In Workplace Exposure Limits. LoQ a favourite acronym of us exposure geeks. Sorry for the inconvenience the HSE cracks down on site facilities, Revisiting the Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012. EH40 Workplace exposure limits is a publication which contains a list of all current GB WELs. Risk assessment The most common type of workplace exposure limit (WEL) is the 8 hour long term exposure limit. If you are able to specify that all personal monitoring tests are at least two hours long with a flow rate of two litres per minute, it will also automatically start to build up a library of results that could be used to estimate the balance of any exposure. As a default, STEL/TWA is paused when entering certain modes, and resumed when leaving them. I know we have all heard this before, but it really does seem to be imminent now. Use of this equipment must be determined by a competent industrial hygienist or other technically qualified person. only for the compound applied in the experiment) is included. As I highlighted in my review of last Novembers FAAM conference, there are some important changes to the guides personal monitoring section. WELs are concentrations of hazardous substances in the air, averaged over a set period of time. So. First calculate the Noise Dose as: Dose = 100 x (C1/T1 + C2/T2 + C3/T3 + . Workplace exposure limits (WELs) are GB occupational exposure limits approved by HSE. (8-hour TWA OEL will be a lower concentration) 14 OELs Short Term Exposure Limits - Exposures above 8-hour OEL but below STEL Should not be longer than 15 minutes Should not occur more than 4 times per day There should be at least 60 minutes between exposures in this range. Noise regulations (such as OSHA, MSHA, ACGIH and others) define action levels based on the Time Weighted Average, or % Dose, while the European and UK regulations use the daily noise exposure or LEP,d. It will check the rules to make sure the test qualifies, and it will automatically do the calculation. The threshold limit value (TLV) is believed to be a level to which a worker can be exposed per shift in the worktime without adverse effects.Strictly speaking, TLV is a reserved term of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Note This is not required in an area that is enclosed to prevent the release of respirable asbestos fibres and negative pressure is used in accordance with Regulation 477. C2 = 1.4ppm; T2 = 86 min. Over time, sensor readings can drift slightly causing negative values to be displayed. Combining the asbestos exposure that occurred when mechanics performed clutch service, along with the duration and frequency of this task, the incremental contribution of this task to mechanics' 8-hr time-weighted average (TWA) asbestos exposures was 0.0016 flcc. The exposure is as follows: Two hours exposure at 150 ppm, two hours at 75 ppm and two hours at 50ppm (2150 + 275 + 450)8 = 81.25 ppm . Updated Daily. However, exposure levels above 18mg.m-3 should be restricted to 1 hour. When this setting is turned on: Resetting peak readings using G7's Gas Options menu does not reset TWA or STEL. E = (Ca Ta+Cb Tb+. If we increase this to two hours as standard, every test we do can be used for any of the HSEs test categories. Such exposure must be compensated by exposures to concentrations less than 10 ppm so that the cumulative exposure for the entire 8-hour work shift does not exceed a weighted average of 10 ppm. Editorial Review Policy. Simple. Terms of Use - Noise Dosimeter Today, employees could be equipped with small wearable noise dosimeters. Below is the formula used by OSHA to determine the cumulative exposure for an eight-hour shift: As I mentioned, the four-hour TWA tests are the main duty-of-care tests that we are legally mandated to do. Find out more about workplace exposure limits (WELs) in COSHH workplace exposure limits (WELs) explained. For longer shifts, such as 10 hours, the division is still done by eight to get the 8-hour average. index of airborne fibers. They are set to help protect workers' health. 0000002222 00000 n Harmful substances are used in nearly every business. + Cn/Tn) where Cn = time spent at each noise level Tn = 8 / 2 (L-90)/5 (L is the measured sound level) It is often easier to get Tn from a lookup table: Worked Example A worker is exposed to 86 dB for six hours and 92 dB for a three hours, giving a nine hour working day. Add Row. (This is the most conservative approach.) Exposure to a hazardous substance can happen in a variety of ways: The main route of entry for hazardous substances (and the hardest to control) is inhalation. In many cases, the exposure levels are not the same, such as when exposed to a hazardous substance may only be for a part of the workday. Time-weighted Average (TWA) Noise Exposure Calculator Calculator determines partial and total 8-hour time-weighted average exposures and noise doses. WHEN YOU NEED THEM. What are 'Dark Factories,' and Do They Really Exist? Most PELs are for air contaminants that may be inhaled by workers or absorbed through the skin. By way of comparison, a human hair is about 100 micrometres, so roughly 40 fine particles could be placed on its width. Where the exposure limit is exceeded, action must be taken to bring exposure within the set limits for the particular substance(s). The shorthand equation for doing this is simple: Your result X is the time on the report / 8 hours or 480 minutes = the 8 hour TWA. No adjustment necessary. 1994-2020, W.W. Grainger, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Cn Tn)8 E is the equivalent exposure for the working shift. skin contact. Divide the value in Step 2 by the total weights in Step 3, to obtain 1716 / 40 = 42.9 dB. This is one of the most frequently asked questions by customers once they receive their report. The bad news is that the HSE has stated a sample rate of four litres per minute. Choose Yours, WIS Show: Step it up! For fiber counting, as in asbestos analysis, the application is similar.. Hygienists need to calculate TWA s for all their sample results because the OSHA PEL. The calculation (and why you dont have to do it). The goal is to prevent or minimize the release of airborne asbestos fibres. 0000001412 00000 n We will also explore a very basic application of statistics of. Workplace exposure limits. According to 1910.1000(b)(2), an employees exposure to a substance listed in Table Z-2 shall not exceed at any time during an 8-hour shift the acceptable ceiling concentration limit given for the substance in the table, except for a time period, and up to a concentration not exceeding the maximum duration and concentration allowed in the column under acceptable maximum peak above the acceptable ceiling concentration for an 8-hour shift.. All Rights Reserved, download the Analysts Guide from the HSE, my review of last Novembers FAAM conference, Sample rate must be 1-2 litres per minute, The total volume of air samples must be 240 litres or more, Run an air test during the removal of asbestos insulating board (AIB). DEQ Asbestos Awareness - Pima County Government Arizona | Tucson. Assume the employee has the following exposure to the substance: 2 hours at 150 ppm Safe Work Practices and Safe Job Procedures: What's the Difference? Asbestos fibres do not dissolve in water or evaporate, they are resistant. 1 TWA. The economic repercussion of this is overwhelming as well. C is the concentration of a particular contaminant measured in the workplace. The 8 hour reference period is a reference period in every 24 hours in which exposure occurs. The dreaded four-hour time-weighted average tests. Specific short-duration activity (SSDA) - this is the 'new' kid on the block. 80) are be reproduced, this is not true for the TWA concentrations given for the same example in the EFSA guidance from 2017 (p. 92). Some of my students caught the error in class!!! Where an operative works an 8-hour shift and is exposed to a substance during that period at a level of 50mg.m-3 the time-weighted average would be calculated as: (8x50)/8 = 50mg.m-3 Broken down, this calculation is 8 hours exposure of 50mg.m-3, divided by 8 for the time-weighted average we are measuring. Specific short-duration activity (SSDA) this is the new kid on the block. Phone: 925-461-8880 Each pictogram consists of a symbol on a white background framed within a red border and represents a distinct hazard(s). Typically, this is eight hours, but short-term exposure periods of 15 minutes are also assigned limit values. Supporting the LGBTQS2+ in the workplace, How to Manage Heat Stress in Open Pit Mining Operations, How to Handle Heat Stress on the Construction Site, Electrolytes: What They Are and Why They Matter for On-the-Job Hydration, A Primer on the Noise Reduction Rating (NRR), Safety Benefits of Using Sound Masking in the Office, Protecting Your Hearing on the Job: The 5 Principles of Hearing Protection, Safety Talks #5 - Noise Exposure: Evolving Legislation and Recent Court Actions with Andrew McNeil, 4 Solutions to Eliminate Arc Flash Hazards in the Workplace, 5 Leading Electrical Hazards and How to Avoid Them, 7 Things to Consider Before Entering a Confined Space. They are intended to be used as risk criteria for health risk assessment and risk management purposes . 0000001163 00000 n .$>:TR7 :)bh!@sre+(v. Hopefully this typo will be amended before publication. 0.25 m diameter will not be detected by this method [4]. Resetting peak readings using G7's Gas Options menu does not reset TWA or STEL, STEL/TWA readings can be enabled in these secondary modes if desired. Why reinvent the wheel when there are so many ready-made safety observances to link up to? PCM NIOSH 7400 Method with OSHA 8 Hour Time Weighted Average (TWA. Calculating the Time Weighted Average (TWA) Noise Level and Noise. L is the exposure limit for the particular contaminant found in the Z tables. iv. I say new as despite it not being on the list before, it is also the test standard that most licensed asbestos removal contractors (LARCs) try to achieve. G7 provides STEL based on second-by-second gas readings, with the overall calculation updated every minute. How well are duty holders managing asbestos? In the HSEs example above, the equation is formed from three different work/rest sessions, and what proportion of the four-hour period they take up. Heres an extract from the draft new analysts guide: First, a quick explanation for those of you not familiar with the terminology: Graticules if you have ever looked down an analysts microscope, a graticule is the little target. Are Workplace Risks Hiding in Plain Sight? Description. Emma has over 10 years experience in health and safety and BSc (Hons) Construction Management. Heres what theyre for: Four-hour Control Limit this is a duty-of-care report: the employer is legally required to do these to demonstrate that individual workers are not exposed to asbestos above a certain limit, over a long period of time. WHS Regulations r 420 Fiber means a particle longer than 5 micrometers (m) with a length-to-diameter ratio of at least 3-to-1. Tied up at the dock, we feel the true wind. Action level means employee exposure, without regard to the use of respirators, to an airborne concentration of lead of 30 micrograms per cubic meter of air (30 g/m 3) calculated as an 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA). Where an operative works an 8-hour shift and is exposed to a substance during that period at a level of 50mg.m-3 the time-weighted average would be calculated as: Broken down, this calculation is 8 hours exposure of 50mg.m-3, divided by 8 for the time-weighted average we are measuring. Learn how your comment data is processed. The list is legally binding under COSHH. kinkaid lake marina restaurant, deadly rollick precon,